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漢森制藥-益陽中藥材種植及加工示范基地項(xiàng)目可行性研究報(bào)告
思瀚產(chǎn)業(yè)研究院    2021-07-13

1.1 項(xiàng)目名稱：

中藥材種植及加工示范基地項(xiàng)目。

1.2 項(xiàng)目單位：

湖南漢森制藥股份有限公司。

1.3 擬建地點(diǎn)：

湖南省益陽市東部新區(qū)。

1.4 產(chǎn)品方案與生產(chǎn)規(guī)模

中藥材種植及加工示范基地建設(shè)總體工程用地2300畝。漢森制藥 中藥材種植及加工示范基地項(xiàng)目計(jì)劃占地1850畝，建設(shè)用地450畝， 主要用于中藥材收購、加工、儲(chǔ)存、檢測(cè)及展示銷售。項(xiàng)目用地涵蓋 了滄水鋪鎮(zhèn)的砂子嶺村、黃團(tuán)嶺村、泉交河鎮(zhèn)的龍泉村3個(gè)村，共36 個(gè)組。后續(xù)用地、儲(chǔ)備用地在1200畝左右，涉及現(xiàn)有3個(gè)村的11個(gè)組， 各項(xiàng)條件與上相同。

（1）中藥材種植基地建設(shè)：種植基地工程總規(guī)模1850畝。從適 合中藥材種植基地的中藥材品種中選取以下11種中藥材進(jìn)行種植：木 香、枳殼、白芷、白術(shù)、山藥、白芍、蒲公英、魚腥草、益母草、地 黃、桔梗等。

（2）中藥材飲片加工廠及商業(yè)配套：加工廠工程建設(shè)配套用地 450畝。其中包括整體收購林芳生態(tài)園。

1.4 建設(shè)年限

項(xiàng)目建設(shè)期需 3 年。

1.5 總投資

投資總額：8000 萬元。其中： 固定資產(chǎn)投資：7100 萬元，占投資總額的 88.75 % ，流動(dòng)資金投入：780 萬元，占投資總額的 9.75 %，不可預(yù)計(jì)資金：120 萬元，占投資總額的 1.50 %。

1.8 經(jīng)濟(jì)效益指標(biāo)

（1）中醫(yī)藥科研展示體驗(yàn)中心經(jīng)濟(jì)效益

中藥材種植及加工示范基地 2300 多畝土地，其中中藥材飲片加工廠及商業(yè)配套建設(shè)用地 450 畝，建設(shè)項(xiàng)目有商業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)區(qū)、名貴中藥材及花卉植物種植觀賞區(qū)、中藥養(yǎng)生保健區(qū)、中藥科研展示區(qū)、藥用植物育種區(qū)等。同時(shí)中藥材種植及加工示范基地優(yōu)越的地理位置、便捷的交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)、優(yōu)美的自然環(huán)境完全可以開發(fā)旅游地產(chǎn)，這些項(xiàng)目建成后，將產(chǎn)生很高的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。

（2）土地效益

土地效益除產(chǎn)生生產(chǎn)效益外，土地升值空間也較大。一是土地流轉(zhuǎn)價(jià)格的升值，目前土地流轉(zhuǎn)價(jià)格呈不斷上升態(tài)勢(shì)。赫山區(qū)部分地方林地已達(dá) 400 元/畝每年，水田 800 元/畝每年，并且根據(jù)目前國(guó)家土地政策，農(nóng)村土地、集體土地可同價(jià)入市，土地升值還有更進(jìn)一步的空間。

（3）林芳資產(chǎn)增值

林芳整體收購價(jià)為 3680 萬元（含賓館），林芳生態(tài)園為國(guó)家 2A級(jí)景點(diǎn)、國(guó)家水土保持科技示范園、省五星級(jí)休閑農(nóng)莊、省五星級(jí)農(nóng)業(yè)旅游景點(diǎn)，是一家經(jīng)營(yíng) 7 年的市、區(qū)重點(diǎn)旅游企業(yè)。林芳生態(tài)園區(qū)4內(nèi)各類花卉、苗木的資產(chǎn)評(píng)估價(jià)值達(dá) 6800 多萬元，具備較大的資產(chǎn)增值空間。

（4）林業(yè)效益

林業(yè)效益除了林芳生態(tài)園各類花卉苗木增值外，公司回購的 1200多畝林地樹木，既保持了水土，又可美化項(xiàng)目環(huán)境，更主要的是土地一旦流轉(zhuǎn)成功，一年后，它將產(chǎn)生巨大的有形效益和無形效益。有形效益是樹木的自然增長(zhǎng)，項(xiàng)目建成后的升值，更主要的是讓項(xiàng)目環(huán)境美化提前了至少 10 年（即無形效益）。

1.9 項(xiàng)目提出的背景

我國(guó)的中藥材主要來源于天然野生自然資源，很多寶貴的藥種由于人口不斷增長(zhǎng)、生態(tài)受到破壞，加之多年來不斷的采挖，使野生中藥材不斷減少，資源遭受了嚴(yán)重的破壞，儲(chǔ)量也急劇減少，有的種類瀕臨滅絕，市場(chǎng)中藥材的供應(yīng)已遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能滿足人類的需要。其主要原

因有：

（1）中藥材需求量不斷增長(zhǎng)造成野生中藥材資源遭到嚴(yán)重破壞。

隨著人口不斷增長(zhǎng)，國(guó)際社會(huì)對(duì)中藥材治療的認(rèn)識(shí)不斷提高，中藥材需求量不斷增長(zhǎng)，一些常用大宗中藥材出現(xiàn)供不應(yīng)求，引發(fā)中藥材過度采挖，從而造成中藥材資源遭受嚴(yán)重破壞。

（2）中藥材生存環(huán)境的破壞造成野生中藥材資源的短缺。

由于人們對(duì)山林、水土的保護(hù)不力，致使中藥材的生存環(huán)境遭到嚴(yán)重破壞，加上春旱少雨等自然災(zāi)害的影響，亦對(duì)中藥資源產(chǎn)生了破壞性的作用。

（3）中藥材的短缺和價(jià)格的上漲造成野生中藥材資源的掠奪性采挖。

隨著市場(chǎng)價(jià)格的進(jìn)一步放開，受農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品比價(jià)的影響，藥材收購價(jià)格逐年上漲，爭(zhēng)先抬價(jià)搶購現(xiàn)象屢見不鮮，進(jìn)一步刺激了農(nóng)民采藥的積極性，不顧資源現(xiàn)狀，殺雞取卵，掠奪性采挖。

（4）中藥材生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境、采收和加工的亂象也造成野生中藥材資源的質(zhì)量嚴(yán)重下降。

中藥材是防病治病的特殊商品，其質(zhì)量的優(yōu)劣與藥材本身所含的化學(xué)成份密切相關(guān)，而化學(xué)成份的多少、有無又與藥材的采收期和加工方法緊密相關(guān)，如黃芩、蒼術(shù)、柴胡、赤芍、刺五加、黃精等根及根莖類藥材以初春秋末采收，有效成分含量高，質(zhì)量好，而實(shí)際情況卻是春、夏、秋三季連續(xù)采刨，又不按傳統(tǒng)方法加工，致使中藥材商品質(zhì)量嚴(yán)重下降。

鑒于上述原因，必須采取相應(yīng)措施，對(duì)野生中藥材資源加強(qiáng)保護(hù)，合理的開發(fā)利用。同時(shí)對(duì)需求量大的常用大宗藥材，變野生為種植，為中藥材產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展提供優(yōu)質(zhì)豐富的中藥材。

2.0 項(xiàng)目提出的依據(jù)

近年來，由于全球氣候發(fā)生變化導(dǎo)致的生態(tài)環(huán)境的巨大改變，以及人們對(duì)中藥資源不合理的開發(fā)和采收等因素，造成了許多中藥材資源的枯竭和種質(zhì)資源退化嚴(yán)重，使得中藥材資源的質(zhì)量很難得到保證，已引起了各方面人士的高度重視。為了保證提供高質(zhì)量的中藥材原料，確保中藥材的療效，在道地藥材研究的基礎(chǔ)上選擇品種并在最適宜生長(zhǎng)地域按照現(xiàn)代規(guī)范技術(shù)進(jìn)行種植，建設(shè)現(xiàn)代規(guī)范化種植基地是中藥材現(xiàn)代化的前提和保證。

（1）中藥材的現(xiàn)代化種植是現(xiàn)代中藥材生產(chǎn)的重要保證。

中藥材的種植不同于一般的農(nóng)作物和經(jīng)濟(jì)作物的種植。中藥材種植的質(zhì)量關(guān)系到人們的健康和生命安全，它要求的技術(shù)含量高，必須根據(jù)每一種藥材的生長(zhǎng)特性進(jìn)行種植和管理，對(duì)環(huán)境、氣候因子、采收、施肥的要求嚴(yán)格，如同樣是桑寄生：寄生于桑、柿、槐、荔枝、沙梨等植物上的干燥帶葉莖枝，含槲皮素、醍蓄甙等成分，具有補(bǔ)肝腎、去風(fēng)濕、強(qiáng)筋骨、養(yǎng)血、安胎、降壓的功效；而寄生于馬桑上的帶莖枝葉因含有馬桑內(nèi)酯等毒素，不可做中藥材。只有根據(jù)特定的環(huán)境要求進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格的種植和管理，才能保證中藥材的質(zhì)量。因而，中藥材的種植必須有專業(yè)的人才和專家參與管理和經(jīng)營(yíng)。專業(yè)的人才和專家不可能依托個(gè)體、分散的經(jīng)營(yíng)與種植，只有一定的組織和企業(yè)，才能發(fā)揮專家的指導(dǎo)作用，企業(yè)的參與有利于促進(jìn)中藥材植業(yè)的發(fā)展。

各種適合種植的中藥材在基地種植的分布情況圖

（2）中藥材的集約化種植是中藥材規(guī)范化、現(xiàn)代化的基礎(chǔ)。

分散的、零星的、各自為政的個(gè)體種植方式早已不適應(yīng)于現(xiàn)代中藥材的發(fā)展。長(zhǎng)期以來，我國(guó)中藥材的生產(chǎn)是以原始、粗放、分散的方式進(jìn)行，大多都是憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行種植和管理，種植者與種植者之間差異很大，缺乏統(tǒng)一規(guī)范的種植和管理，批與批之間質(zhì)量相差很遠(yuǎn)。中藥材要發(fā)展，要打破現(xiàn)有的狀況和格局，首先質(zhì)量是關(guān)鍵，穩(wěn)定和高等的質(zhì)量來源于嚴(yán)格規(guī)范的種植管理和技術(shù)，科學(xué)規(guī)范化和集約化的種植和管理；其次市場(chǎng)是保證，中藥材種植規(guī)劃必須建立在市場(chǎng)調(diào)查的基礎(chǔ)之上，只有在廣泛的市場(chǎng)調(diào)查中才能科學(xué)地規(guī)劃種植面積。只有企業(yè)的參與才有可能對(duì)中藥材種植進(jìn)行全面科學(xué)的規(guī)劃與管理，并對(duì)市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行全面的分析與論證，嚴(yán)格規(guī)范管理，保證質(zhì)量和產(chǎn)量。

（3）科學(xué)技術(shù)是中藥材現(xiàn)代規(guī)范化種植的動(dòng)力

中藥材的種類繁多、生物活性多樣。中藥材是中藥的原料和治病的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)，是一種特殊的商品，“有效性、安全性、穩(wěn)定性和質(zhì)量的可控性”是其質(zhì)量的基本保證，也是現(xiàn)代中藥材的重要指標(biāo)。為了確保中藥材的穩(wěn)定性、安全性和有效性，必須加強(qiáng)中藥材種植的科研力度，對(duì)中藥材種植過程中的每一生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行全面的、深入的、細(xì)致的研究。優(yōu)良的栽培技術(shù)是中藥材品質(zhì)的重要保障。個(gè)體的、分散式的種植方式不能也不可能對(duì)中藥材種植進(jìn)行深入的研究，只有集約式的規(guī)范管理種植才有可能對(duì)中藥材種植的每一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)、每一個(gè)因子進(jìn)行深入的科學(xué)研究，從而促進(jìn)中藥材種植業(yè)的發(fā)展。

（4）中藥材資源可持續(xù)發(fā)展是中藥材現(xiàn)代化種植的前提

優(yōu)質(zhì)中藥材是在一定的生態(tài)地理環(huán)境下形成的質(zhì)優(yōu)效佳產(chǎn)品。自然條件或栽培條件發(fā)生改變，植物生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育及其藥材形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)也隨之發(fā)生改變，種質(zhì)資源的退化是種植中藥材不可避免的。優(yōu)良的栽培技術(shù)是最大限度防止中藥材品種的退化，并培育出優(yōu)良的中藥材種植品種，保持中藥材的可持續(xù)發(fā)展的保障。每一種中藥材均有其最小的種群面積數(shù)，小于該面積要保存其優(yōu)良的特性和穩(wěn)定的更新幾乎是不可能的，分散的、小面積的種植不利于中藥材品質(zhì)的保存和持續(xù)發(fā)展，只有一定的種群種植面積，才有可能保持穩(wěn)定的特性，營(yíng)造其適合自身發(fā)展最佳生存環(huán)境，并選育出優(yōu)良的品種。集約化的中藥材規(guī)模種植有利于自身優(yōu)良品種的選育及中藥材的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，并營(yíng)造出其適宜的生存環(huán)境。

因此，發(fā)揮企業(yè)在現(xiàn)代中藥材種植業(yè)的主導(dǎo)作用，以集約化、科學(xué)化、現(xiàn)代化的管理，建立名牌中藥材，對(duì)保證中藥材的質(zhì)量和療效，更好地創(chuàng)促進(jìn)我國(guó)中藥材的發(fā)展，提高我國(guó)中藥材在國(guó)際上的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力有著非常重要的意義。

目 錄

第一章 總論································································································1

1.1 項(xiàng)目名稱································································································1

1.2 項(xiàng)目單位································································································1

1.3 擬建地點(diǎn)································································································1

1.4 產(chǎn)品方案與生產(chǎn)規(guī)?！ぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁ?

1.5 建設(shè)年限································································································2

1.6 總投資···································································································2

1.7 資金解決途徑··························································································2

1.8 經(jīng)濟(jì)效益指標(biāo)··························································································2

1.9 綜合結(jié)論································································································4

1.9.1 項(xiàng)目總體評(píng)價(jià)························································································4

1.9.2 可行性研究結(jié)論·····················································································5

1.9.3 問題與建議···························································································5

第二章 項(xiàng)目建設(shè)的背景和必要性·······························································6

2.1 項(xiàng)目提出的背景和依據(jù)··············································································6

2.1.1 項(xiàng)目提出的背景·····················································································7

2.1.2 項(xiàng)目提出的依據(jù)·····················································································8

2.2 項(xiàng)目建設(shè)的必要性和經(jīng)濟(jì)意義····································································10

2.2.1 項(xiàng)目建設(shè)的必要性·················································································10

2.2.2 項(xiàng)目建設(shè)的意義····················································································13

第三章 項(xiàng)目建設(shè)的條件·················································································15

3.1 區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)條件·························································································15

3.2 交通優(yōu)勢(shì)·······························································································15

3.2.1 公路···································································································15

3.2.2 鐵路···································································································15

3.2.3 港口機(jī)場(chǎng)·····························································································15

3.3 自然條件·······························································································16

3.3.1 地理?xiàng)l件·····························································································16

3.3.2 氣候條件·····························································································16

3.4 原材料條件····························································································16

第四章 項(xiàng)目建設(shè)的市場(chǎng)分析與預(yù)測(cè)························································18

4.1 中藥材種植產(chǎn)品簡(jiǎn)介················································································18

4.1.1 木香···································································································18

4.1.2 枳殼···································································································18

4.1.3 白芷···································································································19

4.1.4 白術(shù)···································································································19

4.1.5 山藥···································································································20

4.1.6 白芍···································································································21

4.1.7 蒲公英································································································21

4.1.8 魚腥草································································································22

4.1.9 益母草································································································22

4.1.10

地黃··································································································22

4.1.11

桔?！ぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁ?3

4.2 市場(chǎng)需求································································································23

4.2.1 國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)需求·······················································································24

4.2.2 國(guó)際市場(chǎng)需求·······················································································26

4.3 社會(huì)需求································································································28

4.4 生態(tài)改善································································································28

4.5 經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展································································································28

第五章 項(xiàng)目規(guī)模與建設(shè)方··············································································29

5.1 項(xiàng)目建設(shè)規(guī)模·························································································29

5.1.1 建設(shè)的指導(dǎo)思想與建設(shè)原則·····································································29

5.1.2 中藥材種植基地建設(shè)總體規(guī)?！ぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁ?9

5.2 中藥材種植基地建設(shè)方案··········································································30

5.2.1 中藥材種植基地建設(shè)規(guī)模········································································30

5.2.2 中藥材種植基地中藥材品種規(guī)劃·······························································30

5.2.3 中藥材種植基地中藥材產(chǎn)品產(chǎn)量規(guī)劃·························································31

5.2.4 種植、栽培技術(shù)方案···············································································32

5.2.5 技術(shù)推廣、示范和培訓(xùn)············································································60

5.2.6 技術(shù)保障服務(wù)體系建設(shè)············································································61

5.3 中藥材飲片加工廠及商業(yè)配套建設(shè)規(guī)?！ぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁ?1

5.3.1 中藥材飲片加工廠建設(shè)內(nèi)容·······································································61

5.3.2 中藥材商業(yè)配套建設(shè)················································································68

5.4 公用工程································································································72

5.4.1 給、排水工程························································································725.

4.2 供電工程·····························································································72

第六章 組織機(jī)構(gòu)與人力資源配置·····································································74

6.1 組織及工作制度······················································································74

6.1.1 組織與管理體系····················································································74

6.1.2 基地服務(wù)體系·······················································································74

6.2 項(xiàng)目管理機(jī)構(gòu)·························································································74

6.3 勞動(dòng)定員································································································75

6.4 人員培訓(xùn)································································································

75

6.5 勞動(dòng)保護(hù)與安全衛(wèi)生教育··········································································76

6.6 項(xiàng)目運(yùn)行管理·························································································76

6.6.1 項(xiàng)目管理·····························································································76

6.6.2 資金管理·····························································································

76

第七章 環(huán)境影響評(píng)價(jià)····················································································78

7.1 中藥材種植基地對(duì)環(huán)境影響·······································································78

7.1.1 整地對(duì)水土流失的影響···········································································78

7.1.2 施用化肥、農(nóng)藥對(duì)環(huán)境影響······································································78

7.1.3 對(duì)野生動(dòng)物棲息環(huán)境的影響·····································································78

7.1.4 中藥材飲片加工廠對(duì)環(huán)境影響··································································78

7.1.5 中藥材保健療養(yǎng)館對(duì)環(huán)境影響··································································78

7.2 環(huán)境保護(hù)措施及評(píng)價(jià)················································································79

7.2.1 整地技術(shù)措施·······················································································79

7.2.2 施肥（藥）技術(shù)措施···············································································79

7.2.3 編制依據(jù)及原則····················································································79

7.2.4 環(huán)境保護(hù)措施·······················································································80

第八章 項(xiàng)目實(shí)施進(jìn)度····················································································82

8.1 建設(shè)工期·································································································82

8.2 項(xiàng)目實(shí)施進(jìn)度安排···················································································82

第九章 投資估算與資金籌措···········································································83

9.1 投資估算依據(jù)·························································································83

9.2 土地與廠房投資······················································································83

9.2.1 中藥材種植基地土地流轉(zhuǎn)成本··································································83

9.2.2 中藥材飲片加工廠建筑面積·····································································85

9.2.3 中醫(yī)藥科研展示體驗(yàn)中心建筑投資····························································85

9.3 辦公設(shè)備·································································································85

9.4 生產(chǎn)設(shè)備·································································································85

9.5 配套·····································································································85

9.6 管理費(fèi)用································································································85

9.7 能源動(dòng)力································································································86

9.8 鋪底流動(dòng)資金·························································································86

9.9 固定資產(chǎn)投資·························································································86

9.10 流動(dòng)資金投入·························································································86

9.11 總投資·································································································86

9.12 資金解決途徑··························································································87

第十章 效益分析與評(píng)價(jià)·················································································88

10.1 計(jì)算指標(biāo)與費(fèi)率標(biāo)準(zhǔn)···············································································88

10.2 成本分析······························································································90

10.2.1 折舊與分?jǐn)偂ぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁ?0

10.2.2 總成本費(fèi)用·························································································91

10.3 銷售收入預(yù)測(cè)························································································91

10.4 銷售稅金······························································································92

10.5 利潤(rùn)及分配···························································································92

10.6 財(cái)務(wù)指標(biāo)估算························································································92

10.6.1 財(cái)務(wù)內(nèi)部收益率···················································································92

10.6.2 投資回收期·························································································93

10.6.3 投資利潤(rùn)率（稅后）··············································································93

10.6.4 投資利稅率·························································································93

10.6.5 不確定分析·························································································93

10.7 效益分析······························································································94

10.7.1 直接經(jīng)濟(jì)效益評(píng)價(jià)················································································94

10.7.2 潛在經(jīng)濟(jì)效益評(píng)價(jià)················································································94

10.7.3 社會(huì)效益····························································································95

10.7.4 無形資產(chǎn)效益······················································································96

第十一章 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析·······················································································97

11.1 項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析························································································97

11.2 技術(shù)與經(jīng)營(yíng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)·····················································································97

11.3 市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)······························································································97

11.4 規(guī)避分析的主要措施···············································································98

第十二章 可行性研究結(jié)論與建議·····································································99

12.1 項(xiàng)目總體評(píng)價(jià)·························································································99

12.2 可行性研究結(jié)論······················································································99

11.3 問題與建議···························································································100